Preemptive Co-infiltration of Triamcinolone Acetonide With Ropivacaine for Postoperative Pain in Major Spinal Surgery

Exclusion Criteria

• •History of spinal surgery; Inability to use a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump or comprehend the pain visual analog scale (VAS); Body mass index (BMI)\<15kg/m2 or \>35kg/m2; Peri-incisional infection; History of diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases; History of severe cardiopulmonary, hepatic or renal dysfunction; Preoperative coagulation abnormalities (activated partial thromboplastin time greater than 1.5 times normal value); History of allergies to any of the study drugs; History of alcohol or drugs abuse (more than 2 weeks), or use of any analgesic within 24h before surgery; Use of systemic steroids within 1 week before surgery; History of psychiatric disorders, chronic neck or back pain; History of radiation therapy and chemotherapy or with a high probability of such treatment postoperatively; Pregnant or breastfeeding; Refusal to sign informed consent.