Ultra Fast-Track vs Fast-Track Protocols in Off-Pump and Minimally Invasive Valve Cardiac Surgery

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patients extubated more than 6 hours postoperatively
• •Positive pregnancy test
• •Patients who, for clinical reasons, cannot be awakened in the operating room, including difficult intubation, respiratory failure with P/F ratio \< 200, hemodynamic instability requiring more than one vasoactive drug, cardiopulmonary bypass duration \> 150 minutes, active perioperative bleeding, core temperature \< 35°C.