Efficacy of Clostridium Butyricum in Alleviating Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia

Exclusion Criteria

• •Use of probiotics or antibiotics within one month prior to the trial.
• •Use of psychoactive medications (including hypnotics, sedatives, anxiolytics, or antidepressants) within one month prior to the trial.
• •Use of hormones, immunosuppressants, or cytotoxic agents within one month prior to the trial.
• •Participation in any other clinical trial within one month prior to the study.
• •Positive test for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection.
• •Long-term use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
• •Pregnancy or lactation.
• •History of drug abuse.
• •Comorbidities such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional constipation (FC), or other significant conditions that may interfere with the trial-including severe hepatic, renal, respiratory, or autoimmune disorders; bleeding diatheses; psychiatric diseases; endocrine disorders; etc.
• •History of major surgery or diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
• •Refusal to provide written informed consent.