Preoperative Nutritional Status and Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status V.
• •2. those with concurrent cardiac or renal surgeries.
• •3. those with end-stage renal disease (i.e. a glomerular filtration rate of 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or receiving haemodialysis).
• •4. those did not have sufficient data required for nutritional evaluation or AKI evaluation.