Effects of Use of a Connected Pillbox On Medication Adherence

Randomized Control Trial Patients in the research treatment group receive pre-filled, 3x7 disposable trays that separate their medication by dose and time (e.g. morning, afternoon, evening). These pre-filled trays are inserted into a connected, weekly pillbox that detects when pills are removed from its wells. Using this information, TowerView Health system is able to send automated text messages or phone reminders to patients to take forgotten or ignored medication doses. Medication adherence data from deployed pillboxes populates a software platform, which a research coordinator can access. Patients who miss 3 consecutive doses or 5 doses out of 12 over a 4-day period trigger an alert for the study research coordinator who can contact the patient via phone call. The research coordinator follows a scripted motivational interview in his or her outreach to determine the etiology of non-adherence. Patients reporting worrisome symptoms will be instructed to contact their provider directly and/or go to the emergency room for immediate attention. The investigator acknowledges that the current study actually involves multiple interventions: 1. The pre-filled medication trays are provided by a pharmacist, which overcomes medication access issues as well as the inconvenience of manually organizing medications. 2. The electronic pillbox, which monitors adherence that triggers text message or phone reminders in instances where patients forget or ignore medication doses 3. Research coordinator alerts, which trigger outreach events that employ a motivational interview in order to improve patient adherence.

Inclusion Criteria:• Insurance and pharmacy coverage with Independence Blue Cross (IBC); 18 years or older; Current diagnosis of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension or Hyperlipidemia and taking 5 or more medications; Less than 80% medication adherence; Able to communicate in English; Willing to give informed consent, receive recruitment (invitation)letter from IBC Exclusion Criteria: Known alcohol or illicit drug abuse; Significant cognitive impairment at baseline as defined by the Animal Naming Screening Tool; Residence in a care facility that provides medication on schedule; Unwilling to use TowerView Health's connected pillbox and accompanying medication trays; Any active medical or psychiatric diagnosis that, based on the clinical assessment of the research team, would prevent the study participant from completing the trial such as: markedly shortened life expectancy (e.g. diagnosis of metastatic cancer, end stage renal disease on dialysis, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV heart failure, active psychosis or suicidal ideation, etc.) or dexterity/motor impairments (e.g. severe arthritis, neuromuscular disorders, etc); and Lack a mobile or land line phone.