Neurofeedback for Tourette Syndrome

Exclusion Criteria

• •Blindness (because feedback is provided visually)
• •Lifetime diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder, bipolar disorder, or psychotic disorder.
• •Presence of any serious psychiatric or psychosocial condition requiring initiation of new treatment or change in current treatment.
• •Neurological conditions affecting central nervous system, with the exception that predisposition to migraine will not be grounds for exclusion
• •Change in medication in the month prior to beginning the study
• •Unwillingness to keep medication stable over the course of the intervention
• •Full braces (but some retainers are OK)
• •Claustrophobia of a degree that they cannot comfortably be scanned
• •If common tics involve dramatic changes in breathing that could alter blood oxygenation measurements
• •Inability to keep head still while executing most common tics
• •Inability to keep head still in mock scanner
• •Inability or unwillingness to understand or follow the instructions
• •Pregnancy or possible pregnancy
• •Subjects may also be excluded after the first magnetic resonance scan if we are unable to localize a region of their supplementary motor area involved in tics - leaving us without a target area for biofeedback.