fMRI Study of Expectancy on Acupuncture Treatment Outcomes in Knee OA

Exclusion Criteria

• •Any interventional procedure for knee pain, including corticosteroid injections (within 2 months) to the knee.
• •Prior acupuncture treatment for any condition. Because we are using a placebo needle as a control, acupuncture-naive patients are necessary to maximize the benefits of blinding and to control expectancy.
• •The intent to undergo surgery during the time of involvement in the study.
• •Presence of any illness or medication use that is judged to interfere with the trial. For example: skin irritations around the knee such as psoriasis; bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use that would be contraindications for acupuncture; diabetes due to the increased possibility of sensitivity to heat pain; and use of opiate medications and other substances of abuse that may influence the patient's experience of analgesia. (Due to the potential risk that prescription or non-prescription medication use can confound our results, we may perform a urine toxicology screen to verify patient's medication status during Session 1.)
• •Knee pain due to other causes, such as inflammation or malignancy, other pain disorders that may refer pain to the leg, OA of ipsilateral hip, diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
• •Non-ambulatory status.
• •History of cardiac, respiratory, or nervous system disease that, in the investigator's judgment, precludes participation in the study because of a heightened potential for adverse outcome. For example: asthma or claustrophobia.
• •Presence of any contraindications to fMRI scanning. For example: cardiac pacemaker, metal implants, fear of closed spaces, pregnancy.
• •Instability of pain rating within Session 1 or Session 2 of Experiment One or Visit 1 of Experiment Two.