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NCT04352244
Brown fat is a type of fat, found in both children and adults, which can produce heat and regulate the body's metabolism and energy use. White fat is the more common type of fat which is used to store extra calories. Understanding more about differences between brown and white fat may allow us to develop new approaches to improve the body's metabolism.
NCT02237872
The primary goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of conventional fat fraction proton MRI for the detection of Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) in healthy subjects using \[18F\]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (fluorodeoxyglucose) -PET as gold standard. In this pilot study, MRI and PET imaging of BAT of healthy adult volunteers will be performed on a combined PET/MRI scanner under mild cold condition.
NCT07178145
This study seeks to develop improved cardiac MRI (CMR) methods to quantify epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) composition and to demonstrate the advantages of EAT composition imaging (a) in advancing the understanding of the relationship between EAT and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and (b) for understanding mechanisms of and guiding medical therapy in HFpEF. The investigators recently developed the first method for quantifying EAT FAC in human subjects, utilizing a rate-6 accelerated radial 2D multi-echo gradient-echo breathhold acquisition with a local low rank reconstruction. In this project the first specific aim is to develop a rapid free-breathing 3D EAT FAC MRI method that reduces motion-related artifacts, increases coverage, and facilitates higher spatial resolution and improved FAC reproducibility. The second specific aim is to show that EAT FAC is more strongly associated than EAT volume with cardiometabolic HFpEF. In this context, individuals with known or suspected HFpEF will undergo CMR, echocardiography, and other testing to (a) diagnose cardiometabolic HFpEF; (b) characterize features associated with the severity of HFpEF; and (c) assess EAT volume and FAC. The investigators will determine if EAT FAC is more strongly associated than EAT volume with HFpEF and with features associated with the severity of HFpEF. The third specific aim is to show, in the context of cardiometabolic HFpEF and pre-HFpEF, (a) that GLP-1 receptor agonism with semaglutide (SEMA) shifts the EAT FAC to a less proinflammatory profile and (b) that baseline EAT FAC is a stronger predictor than EAT volume of improved cardiovascular function due to SEMA. Cardiometabolic HFpEF and pre-HFpEF subjects will undergo echocardiography and CMR with EAT FAC at baseline and after 3 months to serve as a self-control. Subjects will then undergo repeat imaging 6 months after the initiation of SEMA. The change in FAC after treatment with SEMA will be compared to the change in FAC prior to SEMA. Data will be analyzed to show that SEMA changes EAT FAC, and that baseline EAT FAC is a stronger predictor than EAT volume of improvements in severity of HFpEF.
NCT01605578
The purpose of this study is to compare, in healthy women, the adipose tissue composition between abdomen and thigh and then determine whether differences exist independently of the state of obesity. The findings of this study may help to explain the mechanism contributing to a beneficial role of gluteo-femoral fat contrasting with a deleterious role of abdominal fat on cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunctions.
NCT07144670
In this study, the objective is to investigate inflammation in the arteries of the heart. A heart CT scan (CCTA) will be used to measure inflammation by assessing the fat tissue surrounding the arteries of the heart. Participants with and without type 2 diabetes who have no heart symptoms have been examined and had a CCTA scan performed. This study aims to answer the following questions: • Is inflammation in the surrounding fat tissue of the heart arteries associated with the following glycometabolic conditions: I) Obesity ii) Prediabetes iii) Type 2 diabetes
NCT07048405
This clinical trial explores how repeated short-term cold exposure impacts the molecular and physiological function of brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermogenic organ associated with improved cardiometabolic health. While intermittent cold exposure has been shown to increase BAT activity and mass, as measured by fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans, the molecular adaptations within BAT and other thermogenic tissues including skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT) remain poorly understood. Healthy adults aged 18 to 40 years (6 males and 6 females) will participate in a 10-day cold acclimation protocol (2 hours per day using water-perfused cooling blankets). The primary objective is to determine how cold exposure alters cellular heterogeneity and gene expression in BAT, WAT, and skeletal muscle. Participants will undergo baseline assessments, including measurements of energy expenditure, core and skin temperature, muscle activity, and blood sampling, each performed in both warm and cold conditions. These assessments will be followed by dynamic total-body PET/CT imaging during cold exposure and tissue biopsies from BAT, subcutaneous WAT, and skeletal muscle. These procedures will be repeated after the cold acclimation protocol to evaluate physiological and molecular changes. Additional outcomes include changes in energy expenditure, cold tolerance, and immune cell responses induced by cold exposure.
NCT07035483
This prospective, single-center observational cohort study aims to explore the relationship between skeletal muscle quality, fat distribution, and metabolic health in Chinese patients with obesity, and to evaluate how bariatric surgery influences these parameters. A total of 120 participants will be enrolled, including 60 patients undergoing bariatric surgery and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The study involves cross-sectional comparisons of ectopic fat and muscle composition, as well as longitudinal follow-up of surgical patients at multiple time points up to 5 years postoperatively. MRI will be used to quantify regional fat and muscle composition, while metabolic parameters, inflammatory markers, and gut microbiota profiles will also be assessed. Primary outcomes include skeletal muscle mass and fat infiltration, visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes, and changes in insulin resistance. This study seeks to clarify the mechanisms by which bariatric surgery improves metabolic function and to identify early changes in muscle-fat composition that may predict long-term metabolic outcomes.
NCT06960343
Specific Aims : The aim of this prospective randomized controlled single-blind clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of autologous microfragmented lipoaspirate tissue in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The primary goal of this study was to test the following hypothesis: an intraoperative injection of autologous microfragmented adipose tissue processed with an enzyme-free technology could improve the clinical outcomes of single-row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in terms of points in the Constant-Murley score (CMS) collected at least 5 years after surgery. Background and Significance: Rotator cuff surgery was initially proposed at the end of the 19th century and evolved then from open to arthroscopic techniques, rising quickly from a minor niche to a fully recognized subspecialty. To improve clinical and functional results and reduce the retear rate, new fixation techniques and biological solutions to enhance tendon healing are being developed at a fast pace, as shown by the dramatic increase in the number of articles published per year. Biological solutions to enhance rotator cuff healing include growth factors and platelet-rich plasma, as well as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives. MSCs are believed to enhance tissue healing mainly through stimulation of local cells via paracrine mechanisms and anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory activity, thus creating a suitable microenvironment for tissue repair. Autologous microfragmented lipoaspirate tissue has been recently introduced in orthopaedics as an easily available source of adipose derived MSCs (ADSCs) to support and accelerate tissue regeneration. Lipoaspirates contain human ADSCs and produce growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which play important regulatory roles in cellular functions, including adhesion, chemotaxis, proliferation, migration, matrix synthesis, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Herewith, autologous microfragmented lipoaspirate tissue is expected to optimize the microenvironment for tendon regeneration. Among many approaches, devices relying on nonenzymatic methods and avoiding the use of additives and other additional manipulations (eg, centrifugation) allow one to harvest, process, and obtain autologous microfragmented lipoaspirate tissue directly in the operative theatre under sterile conditions. This permits immediate use in the same surgical intervention without delays owing to the difficulty of an ex vivo cell expansion and the complexity of the current good manufacturing practice requirements for preparing cells for therapeutic use. Although several animal studies have been published showing promising results for the use of ADSCs in enhancing the healing of rotator cuff tears, minimal evidence describing augmentation of rotator cuff treatment with lipoaspirate. Preliminary Studies/Progress Report: This study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial and represents the final follow-up of an our previous study with short follow-up (2 years). The previous study demonstrated that the intraoperative injection of autologous microfragmented adipose tissue is safe and effective in improving short-term clinical and functional results after single-row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Nevertheless, no significant differences emerged between the groups in terms of rerupture rate, complication rate, number of adverse events, and mid-term clinical outcomes. A previous in vitro study showed that autologous microfragmented adipose tissue significantly increases the proliferation rate of human tendon stem cells without altering their stemness and differentiation capability. Moreover, treated cells increase the expression of VEGF, which is crucial for the neovascularization of the tissue during the healing process. Research Design and Method: At least 5 years after surgery, all enrolled patients in the previous study will be call again and will be asked to complete the ASES, SST, and VAS questionnaire and they will undergo a clinical examination, including the CMS and measurement of isometric strength in shoulder forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation. All strength measures will be performed in triplicate with a dynamometer. During the same assessment day, the patients would be evaluated with MRI of the operated shoulder in order to assess tendon integrity and calculate rerupture rate according to the classification proposed by Sugaya (types IV and V defined as retears). Atrophy of the supraspinatus muscle belly was evaluated according to Warner and fatty degeneration was classified according to Fuchs.
NCT06498830
This study (APPLE study) intends to retrospectively enroll more than 2000 patients who who underwent ≥2 coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with ≥3 months interval from 11 hospitals in more than 4 provinces in China.
NCT06169670
The purpose of this research is to collect data on the short and long-term effects of facial fat grafting by injectable tissue replacement and regeneration in the midfacial zone, with the use of the VialityTM system. The Viality system is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared device.
NCT04340388
The goal of the study is to combine a collaborative and translational approach to evaluate the effect antiretroviral regimen switch to a dolutegravir containing regimen compared to continued treatment with a non- dolutegravir based regimen on on lipid and metabolic profiles, renal function, body composition, vascular function and diet.
NCT05895435
* Menopause is associated with a redistribution of adipose tissue towards central adiposity, known to cause insulin resistance. It was found that menopause was associated with changes in adipose tissue phenotype related to metabolic dysfunction. In subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) * The radiofrequency uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves to produce heat at the cutaneous and the subcutaneous levels. The mechanism of action, through the vibration of water molecules, transforms the electromagnetic energy into thermal. The heat generated by conversion occurs under 30 kHz to 300 MHz, and the most frequently used frequency is set between 0.5 and 1.5 MHz. The RF mechanism of fat reduction occurs by the generation of thermal stimulation of adipocyte metabolism, occurring through enzymatic degradation by lipase-mediated triglycerides, apoptosis, and adipocyte rupture and the objective of study to show the positive effect of radiofrequancy on postmenopausal adipose tissue
NCT05286424
The primary aim of this project is to standardize the method for lipofilling by identifying the best technique. In this context, the study will investigate the impact of adipose tissue composition and ideal quantity of the injected fat particularly in view of resorption rate. Correlations between adipose tissue composition, amount of transferred fat, already existing subcutaneous fat layer at the grafting site and resorption rate will be made. The punch biopsy and the non-invasive Lipometer measurements to determine the subcutaneous fat layer thickness in the harvesting and grafting region will be performed in 10 female subjects that undergo elective lipofilling. The study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov after start of recruitment.
NCT03350997
The study team will assess "free-living" 24h glucose control using continuous glucose monitors (CGM) over an 88h period on two separate occasions. Importantly, standardized meals will be provided and will be consumed at specific times each day of the CGM measurement period. These meals will be identical on day 1 and day 3 of measurement. Each subject will complete two CGM periods, which will be identical except for the calorie and macronutrient content of the post-exercise dinner. In addition, during trial 1, two CGM's will be worn, while only 1 CGM will be worn on trial 2.
NCT03490227
Up to 10 infants will complete the study aimed to establish a technique for measuring whole body adiposity and brown adipose tissue in infant subjects using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively.
NCT04797988
This study is designed to provide objective evidence regarding the safety of eon® treatment of the flanks.
NCT04496388
Background: Exercise has been proven to effectively reduce incidence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. However, there is controversial data from prior studies to inform the type of exercise training recommendations. Aim: The aim of this study will determine the differences of different type of exercise in the effects of reducing insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue for community residents. Methods: The four-arm randomized controlled trial will conducted in adults aged 40 to 70 years old in Tainan. A total of at least 177 patients will randomly assign to the group of aerobic exercise (AE), aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise (RE), AE combined with medium intensity interval training, and placebo. The participants in exercise group will received 12 weeks, 3 times per week program, including twice a week intervention guided by the intervenors, and once a week exercise guided by the video at home. All the exercise keeps moderate-intensity by monitoring with 64%-75% of the maximum heart rate. Insulin resistance status will be checked by HOMA index at baseline and at exercise intervention after 12 weeks (HOMA index= insulin μU/mL）× glucose（mmol/L）/22.5). Relevance to clinical practice: The research findings will help the clinical health works to know which type of exercise is the best choice in reducing insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue in community residents, and can be promoted to the general public to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome as well as prevent the root causes of ill health.
NCT04086381
Pre-clinical studies indicate that creatine may play a substantial role in diet-induced thermogenesis and may have a profound effect on energy balance. A recent retrospective study of BAT activation on PET-CT scans in humans showed a positive association with the estimated renal creatinine clearance and BAT activation, possibly linking creatine metabolism in humans to BAT activity. In humans, so far little options are available to activate brown adipose tissue. The most potent intervention to activate BAT is via cold, which has previously been shown to have metabolic effects in humans. Provided the potential health benefits of brown adipose tissue activation in humans, and provided the role of brown fat in diet induced thermogenesis, we here aim to determine whether creatine monohydrate supplementation can increase diet-induced thermogenesis and activate brown adipose tissue in humans.
NCT04679246
This is a community project carried out jointly by the Technological Institute of Higher Studies of the West (ITESO), the University Center of Tonalá of the University of Guadalajara (CUTonalá) and the University Center of Health Sciences of the University of Guadalajara ( CUCS) with advice from the National Institute of Public Health (INSP), financed by the Tresmontes Lucchetti company and endorsed by the Jalisco Association of Nutritionists, AC (AJANUT). This project follows the provisions of the "National Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Overweight, Obesity and Diabetes" signed by the executive branch of the Federal Government. In particular, this project is inserted within the Public Health Strategy, in the strategic axis of Health Promotion and educational communication (while still having an impact on the axes of Epidemiological Surveillance and Prevention). In addition, it follows the agreement in which the general guidelines for the expenditure and distribution of food and beverages prepared and processed in the schools of the National Educational System were obtained, proposed by the Ministries of Health and Public Education. The aforementioned referrals are intended to protect and improve the health of Mexican children.
NCT01041794
Early childhood (\~4-6 years of age) is an important window for determining body composition trajectory and may be a critical period for the development of tissue partitioning patterns that influence later disease risk, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. As adiposity accelerates during this critical period, deposition/ preservation of fat stores may be sustained at the 'expense' of other tissues; i.e. energy homeostasis may be inherently biased toward fat gain. The type and amount of tissue mass accrued in early childhood has implications for metabolic profile, glucose/insulin homeostasis, hormone profile and resting energy expenditure. The interplay between fat and bone deposition represents a physiologic trait enabling the body to choose between shuttling 'energy' towards accrual of a particular tissue. Plausibly the phenotype underlying obesity and diabetes risk may be determined by the differentiation of cell type (adipocyte, osteocyte, etc.) during this early stage of growth and development. In vitro studies demonstrate transdifferentiation under the influence of specific external stimuli, which can switch phenotypes toward other cell lineages. Further, rodent models have demonstrated that exposure to stimuli (exercise) early in life may prevent excess fat mass accrual in adulthood, even when the stimulus is later removed (animals are no longer exercising). Children's early experiences (engagement in physical activity) may 'environmentally induce' alterations in body composition and predispose individuals to diabetes throughout life (Figure 1). Hypotheses and Specific Aims: Early growth patterns and cell differentiation may induce long term effects on body composition by impacting biological and hormonal axes that regulate childhood body composition. Body composition comprises not only absolute mass, but also aspects of size, shape and location. To that end, the following specific aims will be evaluated: 1. Quantify body composition, adipose tissue distribution, and relative tissue ratios using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). 1. Hypothesis: Early partitioning of 'resources' toward fat mass accrual will lead to decreased gains in bone mass that may persist long-term. 2. Hypothesis: Partitioning of tissue toward fat at the expense of bone mass (and indirectly, lean mass) will result in adverse effects on glucose/insulin metabolism, total energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate and hormone signaling. 3. Hypothesis: Children with greater levels of physical activity (energy expenditure) will have greater partitioning towards bone (and lean) mass. 2. Quantify adipose tissue distribution and adipocyte cell size and number using MRI and histological techniques. 1. Hypothesis: A relatively greater amount of bone marrow adipose tissue will be apparent in those children with low levels of physical activity, resulting in the preferential differentiation of pluripotent stem cells towards adipocytes vs osteocytes in the bone marrow cavity. 2. A relatively greater adipocyte cell number will be apparent in those children with low levels of physical activity indicating greater differentiation of MSC towards adipocytes vs osteocytes.