Fat Around Heart Arteries as a Measure of Inflammation in Patients With Glycometabolic Disease

Background and significance: Inflammation in the coronary arteries is a key driver of cardiovascular (CV) disease, particularly in individuals with glycometabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes. However, traditional biomarkers have limited accuracy in detecting coronary inflammation. Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) allows for the non-invasive measurement of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation - the fat surrounding coronary arteries. PCAT and the underlying vessels engage in bidirectional communication, and inflammation alters the structure of PCAT, which can be detected by CCTA. Glycometabolic diseases promote atherosclerosis through endothelial dysfunction and accumulation of inflammatory cells. Obesity and diabetes are both associated with enlarged adipocytes, which may influence PCAT attenuation by lowering its Hounsfield Unit values, potentially masking underlying inflammation. To date, no studies have thoroughly addressed the possibility that PCAT attenuation may be underestimated in this high-risk CV population. The PCAT-GMD study is a post-hoc analysis of two trials - CARPE-DM (NCT03016910) and DANCAP (NCT04525508) - aiming to evaluate the relationship between PCAT attenuation and the following glycometabolic conditions: * Obesity (BMI) * Prediabetes (HbA1c) * Type 2 diabetes mellitus Setting and study population: A single-center cross-sectional, observational study at Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark. The study enrollment began in March 2016 and ended in July 2019. The study population included 747 cardiovascularly asymptomatic men with and without diabetes. Examinations: All participants underwent CCTA. Additional assessments included: * Blood pressure and heart rate * Anthropometrics: height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio * Blood and urine sampling * Medical history