Optimising Exercise to Improve Physical and Cognitive Frailty in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. uncertain diagnosis of MCI,
• •2. did not screen for ability to participate in exercise intervention,
• •3. presence of other neurological, psychiatric, or cognitive impairment disorders,
• •4. seriously ill, presence of Hepatitis B or C, cancer, and patients on immunosuppressant drugs,
• •5. type 2 diabetes mellitus,
• •6. uncontrolled hypertension or hypotension (systolic blood pressure \>160 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure \>100 mm Hg at rest),
• •7. unstable cardiac, renal, lung, liver, or other severe chronic disease,
• •8. history of myocardial infarction and/or stroke within previous year,
• •9. vision/hearing disorder,
• •10. musculoskeletal disorders that affect physical function such as osteoporosis, severe knee osteoarthritis, and degenerative spinal condition,
• •11. presence of any major psychiatric disorder (a clinical diagnosis of major depressive disorder, bipolar or schizophrenia)
• •12. history of vitamin B12 deficiency or hypothyroidism (stable treatment for at least 3 months is allowed)
• •13. serious or non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture