Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Combined With Tailor-Made Notched Music Training Therapy for Chronic Subjective Tinnitus

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Patients with conductive hearing loss, history of middle ear surgery, pulsatile tinnitus due to vascular malformations, or tinnitus associated with Meniere's disease
• •2. History of head trauma, central nervous system disorders, psychiatric disorders, or substance abuse/dependence
• •3. Patients unwilling or unable to comply with the study protocol requirements
• •4. Patients with space-occupying lesions in the peripheral auditory pathway or central nervous system (e.g., acoustic neuroma, middle ear cholesteatoma, meningioma) as identified by imaging studies.