Phosphate Assessment in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Study

Exclusion Criteria

• •Pregnant, currently breastfeeding, or \<3 months postpartum
• •Current dialysis or kidney transplant patient
• •Current use of insulin or chemotherapy drugs
• •Smokes cigarettes or uses e-cigarettes (vapes)
• •Uses nicotine products or other recreational drugs
• •Medical history of stroke or myocardial infarction (MI)
• •Medical history of conditions that can affect phosphate metabolism (i.e., uncontrolled thyroid disorder, parathyroid disorder, or gastrointestinal malabsorption disorders \[Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease\], cirrhosis)
• •Current use of certain medications that directly alter phosphate levels (i.e., phosphate binders; phosphate supplements, irregular use of iron)
• •Regular use of laxatives
• •Hypo- or hyperphosphatemia (serum phosphate \< 2.5 or \> 4.6 mg/dl)
• •Hypo- or hypercalcemia (serum calcium \< 8.4 or \> 10.7 mg/dl)
• •Severe anemia (hemoglobin \< 8 g/dl for women and \< 9 g/dl for men)
• •Severe hyperglycemia (serum blood glucose \> 300 mg/dl)
• •Body weight less than \<110 lbs (due to risk for phlebotomy-induced anemia)
• •Received a blood transfusion in the last four months
• •Extreme hypertension as demonstrated by a blood pressure \> 180/120 as the average of 3 blood pressures taken during the screening/baseline, or extremely low blood pressure \< 80/50
• •Unwilling or unable to eat study meals
• •Lack of access to a functional refrigerator or freezer
• •Lack of access to a microwave or conventional oven
• •On low potassium diet
• •On low phosphate diet
• •Specific dietary restrictions (i.e. vegetarian, vegan, ketogenic, etc.)
• •Food allergies including but not limited to milk, egg, soy, nuts, shellfish, and wheat or gluten
• •Allergic to sodium phosphate
• •Unable or unwilling to complete urinary sample collection or food diaries
• •Unable or unwilling to provide informed consent
• •Unable to read or speak English
• •Participant in other conflict clinical trial
• •Unable to complete the study measurements
• •Unsafe to participate in this study per investigator's judgement