Effect of Esketamine on Perioperative Negative Emotions in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Patients with significant preoperative abnormalities in cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, or renal function, or coagulation disorders .
• •2. Patients taking antipsychotics, antidepressants, or glucocorticoids, or with a history of alcohol abuse or illicit drug use .
• •3. Patients with an MMSE score \<18, dementia, intellectual disability, or those unable to communicate (e.g., coma, severe dementia, hearing or language impairment) .
• •4. Patients with a history of psychiatric or neurological disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or severe myasthenia gravis) .
• •5. Patients with poorly controlled or untreated hypertension (≥180/110 mmHg) .
• •6. Patients with elevated intracranial or intraocular pressure.
• •7. Patients with untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism .
• •8. Patients with a known allergy to the drugs involved in this study .
• •9. Patients unable to complete the assessment scales required by this study.
• •10. Patients who are currently participating in other clinical trials