Effect of Anterior Disc Displacement With Reduction on Postoperative Pain After Root Canal Treatment

Exclusion Criteria

• •Teeth found to have necrotic pulp tissue during access cavity preparation
• •Patients in whom the study tooth was not located on the same side as the temporomandibular joint diagnosed with anterior disc displacement with reduction
• •Occurrence of any endodontic complications during treatment
• •Use of medications that could affect pain perception (e.g., analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs) within at least 12 hours before treatment, or use of systemic antibiotics within one month prior to enrollment
• •History of major jaw trauma, dentofacial deformities, or previous temporomandibular joint surgery
• •Concurrent use of steroids, muscle relaxants, or narcotic medications
• •History of diagnosed neuropathic pain, myofascial pain, neuralgic pain, or chronic headache disorders
• •Presence of periodontal disease (probing depth \> 5 mm or tooth mobility greater than Grade I) or teeth lacking adequate coronal structure
• •Teeth without occlusal contact or with premature contacts, patients with bruxism or clenching habits, or patients with fewer than three teeth on one side of the mandible
• •Inability to read, understand, or complete the pain assessment scale or to provide the required follow-up data
• •Presence of significant cognitive impairment (e.g., communication deficits, intellectual disability) or diagnosed psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety disorders)
• •Presence of immature teeth or teeth with open apices
• •Pregnant or breastfeeding women