Digital Care for Holistic Health in Older Adults With Diabetes and Multimorbidity

Inclusion Criteria

• •Age and Consent: Individuals aged 50 years or older who are willing to provide written informed consent.
• •Language and Literacy: Participants must be literate and able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese.
• •Medical Diagnosis: Participants must have a physician-confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and at least one comorbid chronic disease (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, or heart disease).
• •Technology Use: Participants must own a smartphone and be willing to use the LINE messaging app and web-based health education links.
• •Residence: Participants must reside within one of the four participating communities and have no plans to move away during the study intervention period.