Age and Consent: Individuals aged 50 years or older who are willing to provide written informed consent.
Language and Literacy: Participants must be literate and able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese.
Medical Diagnosis: Participants must have a physician-confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and at least one comorbid chronic disease (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, or heart disease).
Technology Use: Participants must own a smartphone and be willing to use the LINE messaging app and web-based health education links.
Residence: Participants must reside within one of the four participating communities and have no plans to move away during the study intervention period.
You may not be if
Those with severe diabetes-related complications, such as renal failure, cerebrovascular disease, diabetic foot, or retinopathy.
Individuals with psychiatric disorders, undergoing active cancer treatment, or those unable to perform independent self-care (e.g., due to visual impairment or mobility limitations).
Individuals without diabetes but with other chronic diseases.
Individuals residing in long-term care institutions.
Individuals who are simultaneously participating in other intervention programs.
