Analgesic Effect of TENS-WAA Combined With Tramadol Hydrochloride During Oocyte Retrieval Surgery

Exclusion Criteria

• •History of other chronic pain conditions, or prolonged use of opioid medications, history of anaesthetic drug addiction, or chronic alcohol abuse.
• •Severe pelvic adhesions.
• •Presence of pacemakers or other implanted medical electronic devices.
• •Concurrent use of high-frequency surgical equipment, artificial heart-lung machines, medical shortwave therapy, or microwave therapy devices.
• •Presence of scarring or skin lesions at electrode application sites.
• •Severe anxiety, depression, or other psychiatric conditions impairing accurate description of sensations, or any other disorders potentially affecting pain perception.
• •Conditions contraindicating or affecting oocyte retrieval, such as coagulation disorders, acute pelvic inflammation, vaginitis, trichomoniasis, endometriomas, ovarian cysts.
• •Individuals with laparoscopically and/or ultrasonographically confirmed endometriosis.
• •Patients with ovarian hyporesponsiveness following conventional ovarian stimulation medication.