The LARC Robot Simplifies Renal Access In Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Exclusion Criteria

• •Pregnancy
• •Active urinary tract infection (UTI) or untreated sepsis
• •Known bleeding disorders or uncorrectable coagulopathy despite medical management
• •Use of anticoagulant medications (e.g., warfarin, heparin, or DOACs) that cannot be safely discontinued
• •Allergy to contrast media that cannot be pre-medicated or managed
• •Severe cardiopulmonary comorbidities that contraindicate anesthesia or PCNL
• •Inability to provide informed consent
• •Participation in another investigational study that may interfere with study outcomes