chronic musculoskeletal pain, defined as pain that lasted for more than 3 months persistently or intermittently, including regional pain (joints, limbs, back, and/or neck)
a degenerative joint condition, such as osteoarthritis, and/or musculoskeletal complaints that fall under the classification of the International Classification of Disease-11 as "chronic primary musculoskeletal pain" or "chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain"
Pain intensity score ≥ 4 on a numerical rating scale of 10
stable baseline physical activity
ability to understand written and verbal Chinese
You may not be if
patient with cancer-related pain
inflammatory rheumatic disease
a recent history of stroke or major surgery in the past 6 months
terminal illness
serious mental illness
severe or uncontrolled heart disease
comorbid conditions that might impede active participation in the study
