History or evidence of stroke or moderate-severe traumatic brain injury
Serious psychiatric illness requiring hospitalization within the past 12 months
Active suicidal ideation
Current substance-use disorder or past hospitalization for substance-use treatment
Dermatologic Conditions
Compromised skin integrity at or near the treatment site (e.g., open wounds, active rash, dermatitis, burns, ulcers, eczema, infection) interfering with topical treatment or PBM
Other Metabolic Conditions
Uncontrolled diabetes
Diabetes-related complications (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, severe nephropathy, chronic ulcers at treatment site)
Other Pain Conditions
Chronic pain at another body site more severe than knee pain
General Health and Cognition
Pregnancy or lactation
Cognitive impairment that precludes informed consent or task participation
Clareo Health | Effects of Photobiomodulation on Inflammation and Chronic Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis (EPIC-KO)
