Effects of Combined Aerobic and Cognitive Training in a Simultaneous or Sequential Paradigm on Cognition and Brain Functional Activity in Patients with AMCI

This study will be the first one aimed at investigating the effects of a combined aerobic and cognitive training in the two different paradigms (SIM and SEQ) on cognitive functioning and brain functional MRI activity in patients with aMCI. Previous studies on aMCI patients reported that the combination of cognitive and aerobic training is more effective than the single treatments alone on both clinical and MRI outcome measures. Specifically, with the proposed training we expect to obtain ameliorative effects in terms of episodic memory, visuospatial abilities, cerebral activity and aerobic capacities, with a consequent benefit on quality of life and mood in both experimental groups; in addition, we also expect a reduction of IL-6 and TNF-alpha expression levels, and an enhancement of the BDNF. The combined aerobic-cognitive training (in SIM and SEQ modalities) will have a duration of 3 months, with 24 sessions scheduled twice a week for 70 minutes each. The first session will last 10 minutes more compared to the others in order to provide participants with all information concerning the cognitive task that they will perform during (in SIM condition) or after the aerobic training (in SEQ condition). Aerobic and cognitive exercises will be the same for both groups (SIM and SEQ) and will be characterized as follows: * Aerobic training: 30 minutes of cyclette at 40-59% heart rate reserve (HRR) or 64-76% maximum heart rate (corresponding at Rating of Perceived Exertion by Borg -BORG RPE= 12-13 -moderate intensity-).16 The cardiac frequency will be monitored by pulse oxymeter. * Cognitive training: the entire training will last for 30 minutes and will consist of two cycles of a memory task (lasting 10 minutes) and a visuospatial task (5 minutes). For the SIM condition, patient will perform the cognitive training sited on the cyclette using an adapted computer screen and a joystick. For the SEQ condition, patient will perform the cognitive training sited on a desk using a computer and a joystick. The aerobic training will be performed on a cyclette. For the cognitive training, the cognitive exercises will train two cognitive domain 1) memory and 2) visuospatial function. 1) During the mnemonic exercises, the patients will be asked to observe a screen on which different stimuli (objects) will be presented and to remember all of them. Then the subjects will be asked to recall the most of the observed objects. The number of stimuli (objects) will progressively increase in order to progressively improving the difficulty of the mnemonic training. 2) The visuospatial task will consist on the navigation in a labyrinth projected onto a screen. The subjects will have a mouse/joystick with which they will move through the labyrinth in order to find the shortest way to exit.