Comparative Efficacy & Safety of Dexmedetomidine vs Tramadol in Paeds Hernioraphy. A Caudal Anaesthesia Approach

After taking approval from hospital ethical committee, 60 children fulfilling the selection criteria will be included in the study from ward of Department of Pediatrics, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal. An informed consent will be taken. Demographic information (name, age,gender, weight, ASA and duration of surgery) will be noted.Then children will be randomly divided in two groups by using lottery method for caudal block. In both groups children will be anesthetized generally using Propofol 2.5mg/kg bodyweight, Atracurium 0.5mg/kg body with dexmedetomidine 0.5μg/kg. In group B, patients will be given0.25% bupivacaine 1 mL/kg with 1mg/kg of tramadol. All anesthesia procedures will be done by researcher under supervision of senior consultant anesthesiologist having 4 years residency experience. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure will be assessed after 5,10,15 and 30 mins of induction and at the time of extubation.Neostigmine 0.05mg/kg plus Glycopyrolate 0.2mg/1mg of neostigmine will be used as reversal agents. After surgery, children will be shifted in post-surgical wards and will be followed-up there for 24 hours. Children will be assessed for postoperative pain score. If pain score will be greater than or equal to 5 on FLACC scale, then rescue analgesia will be given and total duration from surgery and first rescue analgesia will be noted (as per operational definition). All the information will be recorded on proforma attached. definition). All the information will be recorded on proforma (attached). pressure will be assessed before induction of anesthesia, after 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes weight and appropriate sized endotracheal tube (ETT) according to the age. In group A, patients will be given 0.25% bupivacaine 1 mL/kg