Pain Severity in Flapless Dental Implant Placement Using Laser

Inclusion Criteria

• •1. Adult human subjects agreed to participate in the study and return on follow-up times
• •2. Subjects eligible for receiving dental implants
• •3. Subjects with an edentulous area in the posterior of the mandible bilaterally 3- Subjects with sufficient bone width and height (\>5 mm width, and \>10 mm height) at the implant sites
• •4. Subjects with sufficient keratinization tissue at the implant sites