Esthetic, Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Immediate and Delayed Implant Placement

Exclusion Criteria

• •Poor oral hygiene
• •Severe parafunctional habits, for example, bruxing and clenching
• •Presence of clinically active periodontal disease as expressed by probing pocket depths≥4 mm in combination with bleeding on probing.
• •Conditions that might lead to a possibly lowered regenerative capacity of the bone, for example, osteoporosis and Paget's disease
• •Pregnant or expecting to be pregnant
• •History of drug and alcohol abuse
• •History of systemic diseases that would contraindicate oral surgical treatment, for example, uncontrolled diabetes (defined as HBA1c level \>7%)
• •Radiotherapy in the head and neck area,
• •On certain medications like bisphosphonates or steroids currently or within the past three months
• •Absence of adjacent teeth
• •Unwillingness to return for the follow-up examination
• •Smokers (more than 20 cigarettes per day). Subjects smoking \<20 cigarettes per day were requested to stop smoking before and after surgery