Modified Uniportal Periareolar Incision Versus Conventional Uniportal Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery for Pulmonary Nodules: Protocol for a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Patients had previously undergone pneumonectomy or preoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy
• •2. Previous breast surgery
• •3. Risk of conversion to thoracotomy or changing the incision during the operation
• •4. Poor preoperative lung function
• •5. Presence of other cancers or other advanced diseases
• •6. Preoperative pulmonary infection or uncontrolled acute pulmonary disease or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• •7. Severe hypertension (resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure of \>180/100 mmHg), intracranial mass, or intracranial hypertension
• •8. Recent brain injury, cerebral infarction, or cerebral hemorrhage
• •9. Hyperthyroidism
• •10. Previous history of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or heart failure
• •11. History of thoracoscopic resection of mediastinal and pleura tumors
• •12. Central nervous system disease; mental or neurological diseases, cognitive or language dysfunction due to which the patient was unable to cooperate with the follow-up
• •13. Pregnant or lactating women