FACILITY: Feeding the fAmiLy: the Intergenerational approaCh to fIght obesiTY

The FACILITY retrospective case-control study is conducted in one Italian hospital in Milan (Buzzi Children's Hospital) on children and adolescents (2-18 years old) with EAR and their mothers (≥ 18 years old). The estimated duration is 24 months. The primary objective of the FACILITY retrospective case-control phase is to identify maternal and child lifestyle and health determinants of EAR associated with childhood obesity. The secondary objective is to identify culture-accepted early-tailored-efficiency "model to action" aligned with the Maternal, New-born, and Child Health (MNCH) continuum care approach. This "policy-model" will be based on the results of the retrospective study and on the analysis of the current scientific evidence and on the research of the global, national and local policies (city of Milan). Participants of this study are mother-child dyads previously enrolled in the FACILITY cross-sectional study and willing to participate in the retrospective phase or newly enrolled patients from the hospital according to the eligible criteria. If eligible, variables related to the mothers and to the children will be retrospectively investigated with structured interviews and/or by consulting medical records. For the mothers, anthropometric variables (height and weight during and after pregnancy) will be obtained from medical records, if available, or will be requested orally by structured interviews. In addition, pathological anamnesis and drug consumption during pregnancy will be evaluated with the same methodologies. Information related to pregnancy, supplements consumption during pregnancy, as well as dietary, smoking, and alcohol habits during pregnancy and breastfeeding will be assessed with structured interviews. For the child, the nutritional status during the first 1000 days will be evaluated with the pediatric health booklet (weight, height/length, and head circumference). The type of breastfeeding and weaning characteristics will be investigated through a structured interview with the mothers. The child's dietary habits, physical activity, and motor gross achievement will be explored with the same methodologies.