Effect of Music Prehabilitation on Preoperative Anxiety Before Surgery

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patients with severe hearing impairment (defined as no or barely verbal communication possible).
• •Patients with an expected stay of less than two nights in the hospital
• •Patients who are professional musicians.
• •Active music players or singers who may play or sing every week
• •Patients who actively listen to music with a duration of \> 30 minutes daily. Active listening is defined as music listening with headphones/earphones, while this is not combined with any other activity (e.g. exercising, working, driving or religious activities).
• •Patients who have a preoperative waiting period of less than five days.
• •Participation in another study that may possibly intervene with the outcome measures. (e.g. use of psychiatric medication during inclusion or prehabilitation interventions or similar procedures according to the judgement of the research team)
• •Assessment of primary outcome is not possible.
• •Patients with mental disorders influencing their ability to adhere to the study protocol and/or assess the questionnaires.
• •Inability or unwillingness to receive the music intervention.