Effect of Titrated Administration of Ciprofol on Perioperative Hypotension in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Exclusion Criteria

• •Participation in other clinical trials that may interfere with the intervention or outcomes of this study
• •Severe hepatic or renal disease (GFR ≤30 mL/min/1.73 m², requirement for renal replacement therapy, or Child-Pugh class C liver function)
• •Uncontrolled severe hypertension (preoperative SBP ≥180 mmHg or DBP ≥110 mmHg)
• •Patients with severe mental disorders (such as schizophrenia), epilepsy, or Parkinson's disease, severe cognitive or intellectual impairment, severe visual or hearing impairments affecting assessment, or long-term alcohol abuse or use of sedative/analgesic medications;
• •Known allergy to drugs used in this study
• •Requirement for continuous vasopressor infusion before surgery, or intraoperative need for prolonged hemodynamic manipulation due to surgical factors
• •Anticipated blood loss \>15% of estimated blood volume
• •Expected surgical duration \<1 hours or \>6 hours
• •Expected postoperative hospital stay \<72 hours