Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis (UC)

Recent studies have suggested that gut imbalance and deregulation of immunological responses plays a pivotal role in the disease development of UC, and that FMT could be a useful treatment. In the refractory ulcerative colitis group, our study is aims to explore FMT plus PEN in the treatment of refractory pediatric UC. In the induction stage of UC, standard therapy remained unchanged, FMT and PEN treatment are added, and the investigators hope the withdrawal of conventional drug therapy was gradually reduced. Refractory UC is defined as refractory to standard therapy (e.g., steroids, immunomodulators, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or anti-TNF agents). As a first-line treatment group for UC, our study is aims to explore FMT plus PEN as a first-line treatment for active UC in children. participants treated with FMT coupled with PEN are defined as the FMT group, and those treated with PEN coupled with mesalazine served as the PEN group. FMT treatment is given for at least one course of FMT treatment. If repeated FMTs are received, it is usually at a 2 month interval. All the participants received PEN (80% of total calories as a polymeric diet, Peptamen, Nestle, Vevey, and Switzerland) intervention to help induce and maintain clinical remission.