SKY Breath Intervention

Participants \& Screening: All participants (16-24yrs) will be first screened for COVID and only those who are negative will be allowed to enroll. Participants who meet the criteria for the study at initial online screening will complete measures with study investigator including relevant demographics information and the BDI-II. SKY Intervention: The SKY breath intervention will take place online via Zoom over 6 consecutive days for 3 hours each day as part of the Campus SKY Breath Meditation workshop. Weekly intervention follow-ups: After completion of the 6-day online workshop, participants will be encouraged to continue a home-based practice (25 minutes per day, daily records is needed for reimbursement) and required to attend 1-hour weekly (online) follow-ups for 8 weeks during which there will be group practice of the workshop material. Attendance is mandatory for all follow-ups. Given the popularity of the program, participation is typically high. Instructor will verify attendance and ensure that all participants are proficient in performing SKY. The effectiveness of SKY and staying on track with study procedures are facilitated by subjects, therefore, the study consent will ask subjects if they are willing to share their email/phone with others in the study. Cortisol Levels and Resting Heart Rate: During each MRI visit, saliva cortisol, blood pressure, and resting heart rate will be measured in participants. Passive drool/ saliva will be collected. Following this, subjects will do belly breathing exercise for 3-5 mins. Subjects will sit in a chair, and place one hand on the upper chest and the other hand on the belly. Subjects will be asked to breathe in slowly through the nose so they can feel their stomach rise, then will be asked to exhale slowly through their pursed lips so they can feel the hand on their chest remain relatively still. Saliva will then be collected in a microcentrifuge tube for 2 min and stored in a -80°C freezer in order to assess salivary cortisol levels. For measurement of cortisol, saliva will be assayed using a High-Sensitivity Salivary Cortisol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit from Salimetrics, Inc. Samples will be processed in a standard Bio-safety level 2 laboratory equipped to handle clinical samples with all the appropriate personal protective equipment. Not only is saliva collection less invasive than blood but it is also a routinely established method to assess cortisol. MR Protocol: The MR experiments will be performed on the GE 7T whole-body scanner in the Surbeck Laboratory using a 32-channel receive-only array with a 2-channel transmit coil. The MR protocol includes structural images, metabolic imaging, structural and functional connectivities.