Impact of Regular Consumption of Grapes on Eye Health in Singapore Older Adults

Exclusion Criteria

• •Smokers
• •Allergy to grapes
• •Known eye diseases (macular degeneration, cataracts, retinopathy or glaucoma), blindness in at least one eye or have had eye surgery
• •Abnormal kidney and liver function
• •Taking eye medication and/or dietary supplements for the eyes for the past 3 months
• •Taking supplements containing carotenoids (e.g. Vitamin A, lutein, zeaxanthin) for the past 3 months
• •Currently on type 2 diabetic medication.
• •Currently on anti-hypertensive or cholesterol-lowering; unless this prescription has been ongoing for more than 3 years prior to study participation.
• •Currently on a specialized diet (e.g. vegetarian, vegan, weight loss diet, low fat diet)
• •Consumes more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day i.e. one drink is defined as either 150ml of wine, 340ml of beer/cider or 45ml of distilled spirit.
• •Significant change in weight (≥ 3 kg body weight) in the past 3 months
• •Significant exercise pattern over the past 3 months defined as high-intensity exercise of more than 3 hours per week
• •Poor peripheral venous access based on past experiences with blood draw
• •Participating in another clinical study