MUlti-nuclear MR Imaging Investigation of Respiratory Disease-associated CHanges in Lung Physiology

For asthma and COPD patients, this is a feasibility study to explore the use of gas MRI lung imaging techniques in tracking disease progression over a 6 year time period. Participants will have a baseline MRI scanning session and then be asked to come for repeat scans after 3 and 6 years. Participants will attend for 3 visits, once at baseline, at 3years and 6 years. Each visit is split over 2 days should occur within one week. This is to ensure eligibility for MRI scanning. At the eligibility visit the research team discuss study with patient and obtain informed consent. An MRI Screening Form is used to identify any contra-indications to MRI scanning. The participant will be asked further questions about their health, current diagnosis and any current treatments, smoking history, and about any exposure to pollutants either at home or at work. Women will be asked to take a urine pregnancy test, to ensure pregnant women are excluded from the study. The study doctor will perform a brief cardio-respiratory examination to check that it is safe for the patient to undertake the study. At the MRI scanning visit the participant will have a series of MRI scans, firstly using Xenon gas, then after a short break a they will have a second set of scans using 19F perfluoropropane gas. The participant will also undertake some simple lung function tests. For COVID patients, this is pilot observational study using nationally unique MR imaging methods to investigate the acute and long-term pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection and the resulting changes seen in the lung, pulmonary vasculature and heart of patients with COVID-19 over the course of 12months. Patients will attend for up to 5 visits. These are at baseline (patient may still be hospitalised, or this may be shortly after discharge) and 6, 12, 24 and 52 weeks post discharge. These visit timelines are designed to match with clinical follow up timelines for hospitalised patients. After the initial approach and consent patients will be screened for eligibility using the MRI scanning checklist. Patients who are still hospitalised or have significant ongoing respiratory problems will undertake a test gas inhalation under close supervision to ensure that this is tolerated prior to MRI scanning. A renal function blood test will be undertaken if required. For some non-hospitalised patients this will require an additional visit. At the first MRI scanning visit consent will be taken or re-affirmed if taken prior to this visit. Medical history and medication check will be taken and women of child bearing age will undertake a pregancy test. The participant will have a series of MRI scans, firstly using Xenon gas, then after a short break a they will have a proton MRI which includes using gadolinium contrast. The participant will also undertake some simple lung function tests, including spirometry, gas transfer and endoPAT. Lung function tests will only be completed if the patient is non-infectious. The repeat assessments at 6, 12, 24 and 52 weeks will be the same as the first visit, patients will be contacted prior to their repeat visit to repeat the MRI screening form and confirm eligibility.