Effectiveness of The Phosphate Mobile App on Serum Phosphorus in Adult Hemodialysis Patients With Hyperphosphatemia

Inclusion Criteria

• •Patients aged 18 years old and above.
• •Patients were undergoing maintenance HD treatment for more than three months.
• •Patients were on hemodialysis treatment for 4 hours per session, three times a week.
• •Kt/V value (a numerical formula value to determine hemodialysis treatment adequacy. K is dialyser clearance of urea, t is dialysis time, and V is the volume of distribution of urea, approximately equal to the patient's total body water) is 1.2 and above each session.
• •Patients were able to read English or Malay or Mandarin.
• •Patients were on the single type of phosphate binder.
• •Patients were having serum phosphorus above 1.78mmol/l and above for more than three months.
• •Patients were not seen by a dietitian for the past one year for phosphate education.
• •Patients did not have ward admission for the past three months.
• •Patients did not have dementia or developmental delay.
• •Patients owned and able to use a smartphone.
• •Patients were able to use at least one comprehensive mobile application independently.
• •Patients had access to the internet/data plan.
• •Patients were willing to adhere to all study requirements and protocol.
• •Patients were willing to accept the publication of data without exposing their name.