Lead Sponsor

National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland

Age

18 - No limit years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•delivery of an informed consent and compliance with study protocol
•CTO of a major coronary artery with at least intermediate difficulty score (J-CTO ≥1) as assessed by invasive angiography
•referral to clinically indicated CTO PCI with intended primary antegrade wiring strategy

•in-stent CTO
•unstable angina and/or myocardial infarction
•prior myocardial infarction within 4 weeks before study enrolment
•CTO of a major coronary artery with an easy difficulty score (J-CTO 0) as assessed by invasive coronary angiography
•lack of valid antegrade wire escalation strategy as assessed by 2 independent CTO PCI operators
•chronic kidney disease (defined as eGFR ≤30 ml/min/m2)
•contraindication to antiplatelet therapy and/or heparin
•severe inflammatory disease
•positive pregnancy test or breast-feeding