Xue Feng

CONTACT

Shumin Zhang

CONTACT

Lead Sponsor

China National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases

Age

18 - 70 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•1.Diagnosis of mild-to-moderate coronary artery stenosis: presence of plaque in any coronary artery causing mild (\<50%) or moderate (50%-69%) luminal stenosis.
•2.Age between 18 and 70 years. 3.Asymptomatic during exercise or recovery phases of cardiopulmonary assessment, including absence of angina, ST-segment depression, or complex arrhythmias at rest or during exercise.
•4.Normal troponin levels. 5.Provided signed informed consent.

•1\. Severe coronary artery stenosis. 2.Presence of severe respiratory or cardiovascular diseases (e.g., acute myocardial infarction, acute tachyarrhythmia, pulmonary edema, severe aortic stenosis).
•3.Angina symptoms or signs during low-intensity exercise (\<5 METs) or recovery. 4.Complex arrhythmias at rest or during exercise. 5.Hemodynamic abnormalities during exercise (e.g., failure of systolic blood pressure or heart rate to increase, or a decrease in blood pressure with increased exercise workload).
•6.Severe psychological disorders. 7.Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \< 40%. 8.Elevated troponin levels. 9.Inability to undergo cardiopulmonary exercise testing due to neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disorders.
•10.Presence of other severe comorbidities. 11.Refusal to sign informed consent.