Assessment of Pupil Light Responses in Patients With Parkinson Disease

Inclusion Criteria

• •1. Age 30-75 years old
• •2. Signed written informed consent
• •3. Gender: Both (Male and Female)
• •4. Pupillary reflex to light.
• •5. Clear ocular media
• •Patients with clinical presentations of the neurodegenerative forms of parkinsonism (bradykinesia, extrapyramidal rigidity, tremor, postural instability and gait disturbance) including: idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD), Lewy body disease (LBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and secondary parkinsonisms.
• •1. Normal eye examination
• •2. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20
• •3. Normal color vision test (Farnsworth/Lanthon D-15 Test)
• •4. No present ocular disease
• •5. No past ocular disease or surgery within last 6 months
• •6. No use of any topical or systemic medications that could adversely influence efferent pupil movements
• •7. Normal 24-2 Humphrey visual field and
• •* Short duration (≤10 minutes)
• •* Minimal fixation losses, False positive errors and False negative errors (less than 30% for each one of reliability indices)