Prostaglandin E2 as a Critical Mediator of Sex Disparities in Asthma

Exclusion Criteria

• •Inability or unwillingness of a participant to give written informed consent or comply with study protocol.
• •Hypogonadism, irregular menstrual cycles, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), exogenous hormonal supplements or contraception.
• •Any chronic lung condition outside of asthma including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
• •Inability or unwillingness to hold the following medications prior to mannitol and methacholine inhalational challenge(s): Short-Acting Beta 2 Agonists \>8 hours, Inhaled Corticosteroids and Anticholinergic Bronchodilators \>12 hours, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors or Adenosine Receptors \>24 hours, Long-acting Beta 2 Agonists \>36 hours, Long-acting Anticholinergics or Short-Acting Antihistamines \>48 hours, Long-Acting Antihistamines \>72 hours, and Leukotriene-Receptor Antagonist or 5-Lipooxygenase Inhibitors \>4 days.
• •For males, a screening morning serum total testosterone level (obtained between 8-10 AM) below the normal reference lab value.
• •Current pregnancy, breast-feeding, or plans to become pregnant during the study period.
• •Oral or systemic corticosteroid use or biologic agent for asthma in the previous 3 months or ED/Hospitalization for asthma within 6 months.
• •Use of investigational drugs within 12 weeks of participation.
• •Known hypersensitivity or allergy to mannitol, gelatin or methacholine.
• •Upper or lower respiratory tract infection within the proceeding 6 weeks.
• •A history of uncontrolled hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, epilepsy, urinary tract obstruction, untreated thyroid disease, or a chronic lung disease other than asthma.
• •Daily use of a beta-blocker.
• •Intolerance to anticholinergic medications.
• •Inability to produce an adequate sputum sample.
• •Past or current medical problems or findings from physical examination or laboratory testing that are not listed above, which, in the opinion of the investigator, may pose additional risks from participation in the study, may interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study requirements or that may impact the quality or interpretation of the data obtained from the study.