T-lymphocytes CD8+/HLA-DR+ and Acute Rejection After Lung Transplantation

The objectives of the study is to identify associations between acute rejection and the increase of T (CD4/CD8) and B circulating lymphocytes expressing specific markers of activation and differentiation (HLA-DR, CD25, CD38, CD45RO, CCR7). 110 adults over 18 years, on national waiting list for a first lung transplantation in the centers of Marseille and Strasbourg (France), whatever the lung disease, and who will be transplanted and benefit immunosuppressive induction therapy that specifically targets T lymphocytes will be included. Peripheral venous blood sampling just prior to pulmonary transplantation, at day 15 and one month post-transplant will be realized for lymphocyte phenotyping by flow cytometry (CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, HLA-DR, CD25, CD38, CD45RO, CCR7). Acute rejection will be evaluated at 1 month and 1 year post-transplant by trans-bronchial biopsies. The two main perspectives are to 1) find a specific, non-invasive, blood-based diagnostic marker of acute post-lung transplant rejection with diagnostic performance equivalent to trans-bronchial biopsy 2) demonstrate a specific blood marker, non-invasive, predictive of acute rejection in order to adapt immunosuppressive therapy early and reduce the occurrence of this risk.