Effect of Pea Flour in Bread on Blood Glucose

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Pregnant or lactating;
• •2. Medical history of diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L, HbA1c ≥6.0%, or use of insulin or oral medication to control blood sugar;
• •3. Medical history of cardiovascular disease;
• •4. Systolic blood pressure \>140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>90 mmHg;
• •5. Fasting plasma total cholesterol \>7.8 mmol/L;
• •6. Fasting plasma HDL \<0.9 mmol/L;
• •7. Fasting plasma LDL \>5.0 mmol/L;
• •8. Fasting plasma triglycerides \>2.3 mmol/L;
• •9. Major surgery within the last 3 months;
• •10. Medical history of inflammatory disease (ie. Systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis) or use of any corticosteroid medications within 3 months;
• •11. Medical history of liver disease or liver dysfunction (defined as plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN));
• •12. Medical history of kidney disease or kidney dysfunction (defined as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine ≥3 times the ULN));
• •13. Presence of a gastrointestinal disorder, daily use of any stomach acid-lowering medications or laxatives (including fibre supplements) within the past month or antibiotic use within the past 6 weeks;
• •14. Active treatment for any type of cancer within 1 year prior to study start;
• •15. Shift worker (a system of employment where an individual's normal hours of work are in part, outside the period of normal working day; 6am and 8pm);
• •16. Smoking, use of tobacco or a nicotine replacement product, and cannabis in any form (within the last 3 months);
• •17. Allergies to peas or wheat;
• •18. Aversion or unwillingness to eat study foods;
• •19. Consuming \>4 servings of pulses per week;
• •20. Use of any prescription or non-prescription drug, herbal or nutritional supplement known to affect glycaemia or appetite;
• •21. Participation in another clinical trial, current or in the past 4 weeks;
• •22. Unstable body weight (defined as \>5% change in 3 months) or actively participating in a weight loss program.
• •23. Other medical, psychiatric, or behavioral factors that in the judgment of the principal Investigator may interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol;