Effects of EMONO in Children During Dental Care

Some narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs associated with a risk of misuse or identified dependence and are, moreover, the object of a reinforced surveillance. This is the case of EMONO (Equimolar Oxygen and Nitrogen Protoxide Mix), which is part of the ANSM (French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety) list of drugs with enhanced surveillance. EMONO is a gas composed equally of oxygen and nitrous oxide (also called laughing gas). He has had a marketing authorization in France since 2001. Until 2009, it was reserved for hospital use. Since 2009, a modification of its MA has enabled the release of the hospital reserve, EMONO can now be used in city medicine and dental surgery. The ANSM has made its provision outside health facilities conditional on the implementation of a common national RMP, accompanied by a national monitoring of pharmacovigilance and addictovigilance. The latter is under the responsibility of CEIP-A of Nantes. The use of EMONO in pediatric dental care is a particular mode of use in a pediatric population in which the administration of EMONO is often the first administration of a psychoactive substance known for its positive effects (euphoria). Health professionals daily observe children, who after care under EMONO, have a strong appetite for EMONO and claim for any intervention. It would be necessary to understand why, and to estimate the number of children involved. Do children feel positive effects during these actions, which could lead to a wish to prolong the contact with the gas, in search of an effect other than therapeutic? The main objective of this project is to evaluate the effects sought and the effects felt by children when EMONO is used in pediatric dental care. The investigators will try to characterize the children who have submitted a request to extend contact with EMONO. The maintenance of a framework for the safe use of this drug whose place in dental care is fundamental and the benefit ratio is very favorable is essential.