Gluten and Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors (ATI) Free Diet

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Abnormal HbA1c, defined as ≥ 6%
• •2. Previous or current use of a gluten-free diet
• •3. Current diagnosis of celiac disease
• •4. An elevated tissue transglutaminase IgA level (\> 10 units/mL)
• •5. Chronic (≥ 3 months duration) gastrointestinal disease or presence of gastrointestinal symptoms within the prior 6 weeks (e.g., abdominal pain, worsening constipation, diarrhea, or recurrent nausea +/- vomiting)
• •6. Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease with the exception of well-controlled hypothyroidism or intermittent or mild persistent asthma not requiring the use of daily inhaled steroids
• •7. Use of any medications that affect glucose metabolism (e.g., metformin) or the immune system (e.g., use of any glucocorticoids (inhaled, intranasal, oral, intravenous) within the previous 3 months)
• •8. Use of any medications that could affect intestinal microbiota within the previous 3 months (e.g., antibiotics, prebiotics, or probiotics)
• •9. Any condition that, in the investigator's opinion, may compromise study participation or may confound the interpretation of the study results