Topical Anesthesia for Closed PKP vs Retrobulbar Anesthesia for Open-sky PKP

Inclusion Criteria

• •active bacterial keratitis, for which ulceration progressed despite maximum antibacterial medication;
• •refractory fungal keratitis that did not respond to antifungal agents;
• •nonactive HSK, for which corneal opacities with or without new vessels involved the optical zone;
• •ocular acid burn and thermal burn with partial limbal deficiency (50% or less) that, after more than half a year of preoperative treatment, showed reepithelialization and less than 2 quadrants limbal neovascularization.