Comparison of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Regular Exercisers With and Without Parkinson Disease and Across Different Modes of Group Exercise

Inclusion Criteria

• •All participants included in this study must be between the ages of 55 and 75
• •Be able to ambulate independently without physical assistance, assistive device, or lower extremity orthosis
• •Be able to follow at least 3-step verbal commands
• •Participate in a community-based group exercise program
• •Be classified as regular exercisers by participating in 120 minutes per week for at least 3 months
• •And have a physician's consent to undergo a graded exercise test (GXT).
• •Furthermore, only participants that are identified as low or moderate risk for cardiovascular disease based on ACSM's risk stratification guidelines will be included in the study.
• •Participants for the two PD groups must have a diagnosis of idiopathic PD
• •Have a Hoehn-Yahr score of 1, 2, or 3
• •And either participate regularly in boxing training at Rock Steady Boxing or participate in another community-based group exercise program on a regular basis, classified as 120 minutes per week for at least 3 months.