Examining The Effect Of Ketamine On Glutamate/Glutamine Cycling

Exclusion Criteria

• •Personal or first-degree family member with history of mood, anxiety, or psychotic axis I DSM-IV disorders confirmed after comprehensive psychiatric evaluation.
• •Any history of serious medical or neurological illness.
• •Any signs of major medical or neurological illness on examination or as a result of ECG screening or laboratory studies.
• •Lifetime history of psychoactive substance or alcohol dependence or substance or alcohol abuse (other than nicotine or caffeine abuse), or drinking more that 5 drinks/week during the last year.
• •Abnormality on physical examination.
• •A positive pre-study (screening) urine drug screen or, at the study physician's discretion on any drug screens given before the scans.
• •Pregnant or lactating women or a positive urine pregnancy test for women of child-bearing potential at screening or prior to any imaging day.
• •Subjects who test positive for HIV or viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and/or C)
• •Has received either prescribed or over-the-counter (OTC) centrally active medicine or herbal supplements within the week prior to the MRI scan.
• •Any history indicating learning disability, mental retardation, or attention deficit disorder.
• •Known sensitivity to ketamine.
• •Body circumference of 52 inches or greater.
• •Body weight of 280 pounds or greater.
• •History of claustrophobia.
• •Presence of cardiac pacemaker or other electronic device or ferromagnetic metal foreign bodies in vulnerable positions as assessed by a standard pre-MRI screening questionnaire.
• •Donation of blood in excess of 500 mL within 56 days prior to dosing.
• •History of sensitivity to heparin or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
• •Resting blood pressure lower than 90/60 or higher than 150/90,or resting heart rate lower than 45/min or higher than 100/min.
• •Depression Group
• •Patients with a history of DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder or currently exhibiting psychotic features associated with their depression; dementia or suspicion thereof, is also exclusionary.
• •First-degree family member with history of schizophrenia or any other psychotic disorder.
• •Serious suicide or homicide risk, as assessed by evaluating clinician; A serious suicide risk will be considered an inability to control suicide attempts, imminent risk of suicide in the investigator's judgment, or a history of serious suicidal behavior, which is defined using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) as either (1) one or more actual suicide attempts in the 3 years before study entry with the lethality rated at 3 or higher, or (2) one or more interrupted suicide attempts with a potential lethality judged to result in serious injury or death.
• •Substance abuse or dependence during the 12 months prior to screening.
• •Any history of serious medical or neurological illness.
• •Any signs of major medical or neurological illness.
• •Abnormality on physical examination. A subject with a clinical abnormality may be included only if the study physician considers the abnormality will not introduce additional risk factors and will not interfere with the study procedure.
• •A positive pre-study (screening) urine drug screen or on any drug screens given before the scans.
• •Pregnant or lactating women or a positive urine pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential at screening or prior to any imaging day.
• •Any history indicating learning disability, or mental retardation.
• •Known sensitivity to ketamine.
• •Body weight of 280 pounds or greater.
• •History of claustrophobia.
• •Presence of cardiac pacemaker or other electronic device or ferromagnetic metal foreign bodies in vulnerable positions as assessed by a standard pre-MRI screening questionnaire.
• •Donation of blood in excess of 500 mL within 56 days prior to dosing.
• •History of sensitivity to heparin or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
• •Resting blood pressure lower than 90/60 or higher than 150/90,or resting heart rate lower than 45/min or higher than 100/min.