Plethysmography Opto-electronic and Asthma

Exclusion Criteria

• •unable to understand or perform the spirometric maneuver;
• •with a history of smoking;
• •pulmonary comorbidities as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD);
• •bronchiectasis and tuberculosis sequel;
• •hemodynamic instability defined as heart rate (HR) greater than 150 bpm or systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg or greater than 150mmHg;
• •pregnancy and any contraindication to the use of PEEP;
• •such as increased work of breathing (acute asthma);
• •active hemoptysis;
• •acute sinusitis;
• •pneumothorax;
• •untreated; surgery or facial trauma;
• •oral or injury;
• •epistaxis;
• •nausea and esophageal surgery.