Effect of Genetic Variants in MATE1 and OCT3 on the Pharmacodynamics of Metformin in African Americans

Exclusion Criteria

• •Unable to confirm African-American ethnicity
• •Under 18 years old
• •Pregnant or lactating women (female subjects will have a urine pregnancy test at the screening visit).
• •Prior history of any allergic reaction to metformin
• •Has a risk of congestive heart failure requiring pharmacologic treatment (medical history)
• •Has a prior history of renal\* or hepatic dysfunction (renal and hepatic function will be evaluated based on screening blood tests conducted prior to study enrollment)
• •Risk of urinary or gastric retention or narrow-angle glaucoma (by medical history examination)
• •Impaired renal function (e.g as suggested by abnormal creatinine clearance, eGFR \<60 or serum creatinine \>1.4 mg/dl in females and \>1.5 mg/dl in males) which may also result from conditions such as cardiovascular collapse (shock), acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), and septicemia, abnormal heart rhythms (tachyarrhythmias; heart beat \> 100 beats per minute).
• •Impaired hepatic function (\> 1.5 times the upper limit of normal)
• •Evidence of anemia (hemoglobin \<10 g)
• •Taking a medication that could confound study results, such as known substrates or inhibitors of OCT3 and MATE1, such as cimetidine.
• •They do not provide consent to participate in the study.