Laser Light Visual Cueing for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease

Inclusion Criteria

• •idiopathic PD confirmed by a movement disorders neurologist
• •a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE)\[13\] score ≥ 24 to ensure competence to participate in informed consent and an ability to learn procedurally the use of the rolling walker with laser beam
• •functional visual acuity for recognizing the laser beam on the rolling walker
• •FOG in both on and off medication states, as indicated by a score of ≥ 2 on Item 14 of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and/or ≥1 on Item 3 of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ)
• •ability to ambulate for at least household distances with or without an assistive device as indicated by scoring 0, 1, or 2 on Items 15 and 29 of the UPDRS.