Lead Sponsor

University of Iowa

Collaborators

Age

18 - 80 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•Patient Height: 5-feet, 0-inches to 6-feet, 0-inches
•Patient body mass index: less than 30 kg/m2
•Planned surgery requires use of C-arm fluoroscopy
•Planned surgery to take place at University of Iowa and requires general anesthesia and orotracheal intubation

•The patient is a prisoner
•The patient is pregnant
•The patient is not competent to personally give consent
•Neurological signs and symptoms indicating cervical spinal cord myelopathy
•Cervical spine images demonstrating anatomic instability, traumatic injury, significant cervical stenosis, and/or spinal immobility
•Condition associated with cervical spine anatomic abnormalities such as Rheumatoid arthritis, Down Syndrome, Ankylosing spondylitis, Osteogenesis imperfecta
•Prior cervical spine surgery of any type
•History of difficult endotracheal intubation
•Currently symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease
•Currently symptomatic asthma or other reactive airway disease
•Any history of coronary artery disease
•Any history of cerebral aneurysm(s)
•History of vocal cord and/or glottic disease or dysfunction
•Contraindication to receiving 100% oxygen
•Systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mmHg
•Diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg
•American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status class of 4, 5, or 6
•Known allergy or other adverse response to study drugs: midazolam, lidocaine, fentanyl, propofol \[eggs, soy beans\], rocuronium, or sevoflurane.
•Mallampati oropharyngeal class of III or IV
•Thyromental distance less than 6.0 cm
•Sternomental distance less than 12.5 cm
•Maxillary incisors loss or in poor condition