Using Radiation-free Ultrasound for Screening Scoliosis Among Female School Children in Hong Kong to Reduce Unnecessary X-ray Exposure

Exclusion Criteria

• •i. Patients with standing height \<1 m, or \>2 m ii. Patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 iii. Subjects with skin diseases iv. Subjects with fracture or wound that affect ultrasound scanning v. Subjects with ferromagnetic implants vi. Subjects with surgery done for the spine vii. Subjects with winged scapula or other irregularity of back contour that affect ultrasound scanning viii. Subjects who cannot stand steadily during scanning ix. Subjects with allergy to ultrasound gel