Effect of Ketamine on Postoperative Clinical Outcomes

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Inability to comprehend the pain assessment tools
• •2. Patients with known allergy, hypersensitivity or contraindications to anesthetic or analgesic medications
• •3. Patients with clinically-significant heart disease including arrhythmias and significant hypertension, brain aneurysms, prior history of cerebral vascular accident (CVA), or chronic renal insufficiency
• •4. Prior abdominal surgery
• •5. History of abdominal carcinomatosis
• •6. History of radiation enteritis;
• •7. Patients with history of hepatic, renal, cardiac failure, organ transplant, or diabetes
• •8. Patients with seizures
• •9. Morbid obesity (body mass index \>40)
• •10. Pregnant or lactating women
• •11. Subjects with a history of alcohol or drug abuse within the past 3 months
• •12. Any other conditions or use of any medication which may interfere with the conduct of the study
• •13. Prophylactic Nasogastric Tube (NGT) use
• •14. Individuals with significant manic disorders including: schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder or psychosis
• •15. Individuals with asthma and/or thyroid diseases