Purpose/hypothesis This study will examine the hypothesis that iloprost maintains and improves ventilation perfusion matching in patients with pulmonary hypertension and ARDS/ALI as reflected by 1) an improved PaO2/FIO2 ratio as calculated from the measured arterial blood gases obtained before and after iloprost administration, 2) an improvement in lung compliance, and 3) an improvement in the ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and CO2 measured by expired gas analysis.
Experimental design Twenty patients with pulmonary hypertension and ARDS/ALI will be enrolled. This will be 2-3 hour study conducted on a single day in which each patient's baseline measurements obtained prior to iloprost administration are compared to measurements obtained 30 minutes and 2 hours after Iloprost inhalation. While critically ill by virtue of their underlying illness, patients will be clinically stable over the preceding 2 hours prior to entry into the study as evidenced by airway pressures and arterial O2 saturation that vary less than 10% on the same ventilator settings.
Proposed procedure After baseline measurements are obtained, 10 mcg iloprost will be administered via nebulizer on the inspiratory line of the ventilator. Vital signs including blood pressure and heart rate, respiratory rate and arterial saturation by pulse oximetry will be monitored at baseline and q 5 minutes after the inhalation of iloprost. Thirty (30) minutes after the administration of iloprost the gas exchange, pulmonary function and arterial blood gas measurements will be repeated as described above. Patients who remain clinically stable as evidenced by a fall in arterial PO2 \<5 mm Hg, fall in systemic blood pressure of \<10% and increase in heart rate of \<10 beats/min as well as the absence of symptoms 30 minutes after the inhalation of 20 mcg of iloprost will receive a second dose of 20 mcg. Vital signs will continue to be monitored continuously and 30 minutes after the second dose of iloprost, all pulmonary measurements will be repeated. All patients will be monitored continuously for at least 2 hours after the final dose of iloprost and pulmonary testing will be repeated for a final time 2 hours after the last administration of iloprost. Patients will be deemed to have completed the study after 2 hours provided their vital signs have returned to within 10% of baseline values.
Importance of knowledge reasonably expected to result from the research A positive result in this pilot study will provide a strong rationale leading to a larger long-term study examining the effect of continuous iloprost therapy over several days on pulmonary hemodynamics, gas exchange, and outcome in patients with ARDS/ALI. Markers of inflammation (IL-6 and IL-8), coagulation (thrombin-antithrombin complexes and D-dimer) and collagen formation (TGF\* and procollagen peptide III) in lung BAL fluid would be monitored to demonstrate iloprost's potential beneficial effects on lung remodeling in this devastating disorder.
If the research involves more than minimal risk, describe the research plan for monitoring the data collected to ensure the safety of participants.
Data safety monitoring board will meet after the first six patients and determine whether to continue.
